Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) in India: Types, Uses & How to Apply

A A digital signature is an electronic signature that uses cryptography to provide authentication and non-repudiation. It's a secure way to sign documents electronically, similar to a handwritten signature but with added security features.

A Digital signatures use a combination of public and private keys. The private key is used to create the signature, and the public key is used to verify it. This ensures that the signature is unique to the signer and that the document has not been altered after being signed.

A Key benefits include:
• Authentication: Verifies the identity of the signer.
• Non-Repudiation: Prevents the signer from denying their signature.
• Integrity: Ensures that the document has not been altered.
• Confidentiality (in some cases): Can be used to encrypt documents.
• Time-saving: Streamlines document signing processes.
• Cost-effective: Reduces paper usage and associated costs.

A Digital signatures are legally recognized in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000. They have the same legal standing as handwritten signatures for most purposes.

A A DSC is an electronic certificate that contains your digital signature. It is issued by a Certifying Authority (CA) authorized by the Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) in India.

A You need to apply for a DSC from a licensed Certifying Authority (CA). The process typically involves:
• Choosing a CA
• Filling out an application form (online or offline)
• Submitting the required documents (identity proof, address proof, etc.)
• Paying the prescribed fee
• Completing the verification process (which may involve in-person verification)
• Downloading the DSC

A DSCs are categorized into different classes based on the level of security and intended use. Common classes include Class 2 and Class 3 DSCs. Class 3 DSCs offer higher security.

A Document requirements can vary slightly between CAs but typically include:
• Proof of identity (Aadhaar, PAN card, Voter ID, etc.)
• Proof of address (Utility bill, bank statement, etc.)
• Passport-sized photographs

A DSCs typically have a validity period of one or two years. They need to be renewed after expiry.

A You need a DSC and a compatible software application to use a digital signature. The process involves:
• Installing the DSC on your computer (usually through a USB token)
• Opening the document you want to sign in the appropriate software
• Selecting the digital signature option
• Entering your DSC password

A Digital signatures are used in various applications, including:
• Income tax e-filing
• Online tenders and procurement
• Digital document signing
• MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) filings
• Banking and financial transactions

A A USB token is a hardware device that stores your DSC. It is considered a more secure way to store your DSC compared to storing it on your computer.

A Digital signatures are considered very secure due to the cryptographic techniques used. However, it is important to protect your private key (DSC password and USB token) to prevent unauthorized use.

A You should immediately inform your Certifying Authority to revoke the DSC to prevent misuse.

A The CCA is the government authority that regulates and supervises the functioning of Certifying Authorities in India.

A Apply to a licensed Certifying Authority (CA).

A An electronic certificate containing your digital signature.

A For various online transactions, e-filing, tenders, etc.

A Check with the Certifying Authorities for their pricing.

A Class 2, Class 3, etc.

A Typically one or two years.

A A USB device for storing your DSC.

A Yes, Aadhaar-based e-KYC services can be used for digital signing.

A The Information Technology Act, which provides legal recognition to digital signatures.